1. Law• The following terms are set

1. Law
• The following terms are sets of LAWS established by different societies. A set of laws is often referred to as a CODE. They are often compared to one another on the Global Regents Exam.
- Code of Hammurabi (of Babylon) - the Ten Commandments
- the Twelve Tables - Justinian’s Code
- the Pillars of Emperor Asoka - Napoleonic Code
- Qin dynasty legalism

• Usually, the Global Regents Exam will not refer to the items on this list simply as “laws.” The following descriptions have been used instead:
- they established legal standards - they create a stable society
- they are rules of behavior - they are written legal systems
- they provided a written set of laws - they established legal principles
- they are standardized system of laws
- they are written rules for legal procedures

• The Code of Hammurabi was a major contribution to the development of civilization because it recorded existing laws for all to see.

• Know that the following quote comes from the Code of Hammurabi:
“...If a man has knocked out the teeth of a man of the same rank, his own teeth shall be knocked out. If he has knocked out the teeth of a plebeian (commoner), he shall pay one-third of a mina of silver.”
This quote demonstrates that law sometimes distinguishes between social classes.

• Hammurabi’s code of laws and Qin dynasty legalism are similar in that both promoted the idea that harsh punishments for crimes will lead to a more orderly society.

• Justinian’s Code served as a model for European legal systems.
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1. One way in which the Code of Hammurabi, the Twelve Tables, and the Justinian Code are similar is that each
(1) legalized monotheistic beliefs (2) established legal standards
(3) provided records of economic activity (4) supported republican governments

2. •If a man has destroyed the eye of a free man, his own eye shall be destroyed.
•If a man has knocked out the teeth of a man of the same rank, his own teeth shall be knocked out.

These rules are based on the
(1) Analects of Confucius (2) Code of Hammurabi
(3) Ten Commandments (4) Koran (Qur’an)

3. The Pillars of Emperor Asoka of the Mauryan Empire and the Code of Hammurabi of Babylon are most similar to the
(1) ziggurats of Sumeria (2) map projections of Mercator
(3) Great Sphinx of the Egyptians (4) Twelve Tables of the Romans

4. . . .“If a man has knocked out the teeth of a man of the same rank, his own teeth shall be knocked out. If he has knocked out the teeth of a plebeian (commoner), he shall pay one- third of a mina of silver.”. . . — Code of Hammurabi

Which statement is supported by this excerpt from Hammurabi’s code of laws?
(1) All men are equal under the law.
(2) Fines are preferable to physical punishment.
(3) Law sometimes distinguishes between social classes.
(4) Violence must always be punished with violence.

5. The Justinian Code is considered a milestone because it
(1) preserved many ancient Chinese legal decrees in writing
(2) served as a model for European legal systems
(3) became the first democratic constitution
(4) united Muslim and Roman thought 106-10

6. The Code of Hammurabi was a major contribution to the development of civilization because it
(1) treated citizens and slaves equally (2) ended all physical punishment
(3) recorded existing laws for all to see (4) rejected the principle of filial piety

7. One way in which the Twelve Tables and Justinian’s Code were similar is that both provided
(1) a standardized system of laws (2) a means of achieving social equality
(3) the freedom to pursue their own religion (4) the right to a public education

8. Hammurabi’s code of laws and Qin dynasty legalism are similar in that both promoted the idea that
(1) worship of leaders will maintain the power of an empire
(2) an informed citizenry will help maintain peace and prosperity
(3) equality of the people is the most important goal of government
(4) harsh punishments for crimes will lead to a more orderly society

9. Hammurabi’s Code, the Ten Commandments, and the Twelve Tables were all significant to their societies because they established
(1) democratic governments (2) official religions
(3) rules of behavior (4) economic systems


10. The Code of Hammurabi and the Twelve Tables were designed to
(1) create a stable society (2) promote peaceful relations with other cultures
(3) provide a framework for the development of democracy
(4) emphasize the importance of life after death

14. The code of Hammurabi is an example of
(1) written rules for legal procedures
(2) the power of strong kings to control trade
(3) regulations on the way to conduct wars against neighboring nations
(4)the power of a legislature to veto laws passed by absolute monarchs

15. “If a son has struck his father, they shall cut off his hand. If a nobleman has destroyed the eye of a member of the aristocracy, they shall destroy his eye. . . .”
The idea expressed in this quotation is found in the
(1) Ten Commandments (2) Twelve Tables
(3) Justinian Code (4) Code of Hammurabi

2. Middle Age (Feudalism)

• FEUDALISM is a DECENTRALIZED POLITICAL SYSTEM that also provides SOCIAL STABILITY (or social structure). For this reason, feudalism is sometimes referred to as a political and social system.

(a) Europe
(b) Japan
• Samurai = warrior
Code of Bushido = an oath of loyalty (a samurai pledged loyalty to a daimyo) The code of Bushido is often compared to medieval European knights’ code of chivalry (both guide the behavior of the warrior class).

• Know the political and social structure of feudal Japan: (Emperor>Shogun>Daimyo>Samurai>Peasants and Artisans>Merchants)

• The Tokugawa shogunate created a FEUDAL government in Japan, FEUDALISM provided SOCIAL STABILITY

• The Tokugawa shoguns ISOLATED JAPAN

• geographic isolation often leads to the strengthening of traditional culture

• Japanese isolation ended when Commodore Matthew Perry forced Japan to open up trade with the West.

• The Tokugawa shoguns gained control of Japan in the 1600s.
Tokugawa = the name of the family that ruled Japan from 1603 – 1868
shogun = the leader of Japan’s military—this job was hereditary (it was inherited)

• The term shogunate refers to the Japanese government during the era it was ruled by Tokugawa shoguns.

• The Tokugawa shogunate created a FEUDAL government in Japan. Feudalism is a system in which land is exchanged for military service and loyalty.

• FEUDALISM can be described as a DECENTRALIZED POLITICAL SYSTEM that also provides SOCIAL STABILITY (or social structure). For this reason, feudalism is sometimes referred to as a both a political system and a social system.

• The Global Regents Exam often compares Japanese (Tokugawa) feudalism to Medieval European feudalism. In both Japan and Europe, emperors and kings were to weak to prevent invasions or stop internal disputes. Feudalism provided a way for rulers to preserve law and order

MORE ON THE MIDDLE AGES (400 – 1400)
I. Intro
A) The Middle Ages is the period of time in Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire and before the Renaissance.

B) Feudalism
1) Political system of the Middle Ages in which kings throughout Europe gave land away to nobles in return for their loyalty and military service.

2) Nobles that received land from the king had to serve as knights (warriors on horseback) and fight when necessary. Knights had to follow chivalry (a code of behavior that stressed loyalty and bravery).

3) Feudalism is considered to be a decentralized political system because kings gave away much of their power to nobles, who each controlled their own local areas.

4) In the feudal system, land was the basis of wealth and power. Those with more land were considered to be more wealthy and powerful.

5) Feudalism brought social stability, order, and structure to the Middle Ages.

C) Manorialism
1) During the Middle Ages, most people lived on manors (areas of land owned by a noble).

Résultats (Créole haïtien) 1:

1. lalwa• Tèm suivantes sont ansanm de LWA ki te etabli pa sosyete diferan. Yon ansanm de lwa souvan refere li kòm yon KÒD. Yo souvan te konpare pou yonn ak lòt nan Egzamen Regents Global an.-Kòd de Hammurabi (Babilòn lan) - dis kòmandman yo-Douz tab - kòd Justinien an -bay poto ki soutni anperè Asoka --kòd -Qin dinasti legalism• An jeneral, ekzamen Regents Global an a pa fè referans a atik yo sou lis sa a tou senpleman tankou "lwa." Descriptions suivant yo te itilize au:-yo te etabli standa legal - yo kreye yon sosyete estab-yo sont règles de konpòtman - yo ap ekri sistèm legal -yo te founi sa ki ekri yon ansanm de lwa - yo te etabli pwensip legal -se Standard sistèm de lwa yo ye -yo ap ekri règ sou pwosedi legal yo• Kòd Hammurabi te yon pi gwo kontribisyon pou devlòpman civilisation paske li ekri kòmandman ki ekziste pou tout moun wè.• Konnen ke site suivant la soti nan kòd Hammurabi: “...Si yon moun ki frape sou dan yon moun menm pozisyon, dan li dwe ap frape. Si l te frape sou dan yon plebeian (commoner), li dwe peye yon tyè nan yon mina fèt an ajan."Site sa a montre ke lwa pafwa une ant klas sosyal.• Hammurabi kòd de lwa Et Qin dinasti legalism yo menm jan an sa a tou de monte lide ki di peines pou krim yo pral mennen yon sosyete pi ordonné.• Kòd Justinien a te sèvi kòm yon modèl pou sistèm legal Ewopeyen yo.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1. yon sèl chemen kòd Hammurabi, douz tab ak kòd Justinien a gen menm jan an se sa chak (1) croyances monotheistic légalisée (2) te etabli standa legal(3) te founi dosye aktivite ekonomik (4) en gouvènman Repibliken yo2. vous yon moun te detwi je yon moun lib, je nan tèt li pou kont li pral detwi. Vous yon nonm ki te frape sou dan yon moun menm pozisyon, dan li dwe ap frape. Règleman sa yo fèt sou baz la (1) analects de Confucius (2) kòd de Hammurabi (3) Coran dis kòmandman yo (4) (ce) 3. poto yo de Asoka anperè anpi Mauryan an ak tout kòd de Hammurabi de lavil Babilòn yo ki sanble la (1) ziggurats de Sumeria (2) kat pwojèksyon yo de Mercator(3) devinèt gwo de tab douz moun peyi Lejip (4) yo women4.... "si yon moun ki frape sou dan yon moun menm pozisyon, dan li dwe ap frape. Si l te frape sou dan yon plebeian (commoner), li dwe peye yon tyè nan yon mina fèt an ajan."Rekòt kafe/zaboka — kòd de Hammurabi Deklarasyon ki te sipòte pa sa a extrait de Hammurabi an kòd de lwa?(1) tout moun ki egal-ego anba lalwa Moyiz la. (2) yon amand sont préférable pinisyon. (3) lwa pafwa une ant klas sosyal. (4) vyolans dwe toujou être te pini avèk vyolans. 5. la kòd Justinien konsidere kòm yon mache paske li (1) konsève anpil ansyen Chinwa legal décrets ekri (2) a kòm yon egzanp pou sistèm legal Ewopeyen yo (3) est premye konstitisyon demokratik (4) inite Mizilman ak sitwayen women que 106-106. la kòd de Hammurabi te yon pi gwo kontribisyon pou devlòpman civilisation paske li (1) trete sitwayen Et èsklav egal-ego (2) est tout pinisyon(3) lwa ki ekziste anrejistre pou tout moun wè (4) te rejete pwensip devosyon fwatènèl 7. yon sèl chemen nan douz tab ak kòd Justinien an te gen menm jan an se ke tou de te founi (1) yon sistèm Standard de lwa (2) yon mwayen pou ede sosyal egalite(3) a libète pou pouswiv pwòp relijyon (4) dwa pou yon edikasyon piblik8. Hammurabi an kòd de lwa Et Qin dinasti legalism yo sanble sa a tou de monte lide sa (1) sèvis de lidè yo pwal kenbe pouvwa a yon anpi (2) yon ransèyman citoyens ap ede viv ak kè poze ak pwosperite(3) egalite pèp la, ki se pi gwo objektif li ki se gouvènman an(4) dure peines pou krim yo ap mennen a yon sosyete pi ordonné9. Hammurabi an kòd, dis kòmandman yo, ak douz tab yo te tout gwo pou sosyete yo paske yo te etabli (1) relijyon (2) ofisyèl gouvènman demokratik(3) règles de sistèm ekonomik konpòtman (4)10. la kòd de Hammurabi, douz tab yo te fèt pou(1) kreye yon kout kouto solid sosyete (2) pwomouvwa pacifique relasyon li ak lòt reyinifikasyon (3) bay yon ankadreman pou devlòpman demokratik (4) Sur la anpil enpòtans ki bay lavi apwè lanmò14. a kòd de Hammurabi se yon ekzanp de (1) ekri règ sou pwosedi legal yo(2) a pouvwa gwo chèf pou kontwole komès (3) règleman sou fason pou ou kondwi a lagè ak voisins nasyon (4) pouvwa lejislatif yon pou l te poze vito lwa yo te fè pase rois absoli 15. "si yon pitit gason te a papa l, yo pral koupe men l. Si yon nobleman te detwi je de yon manb nan aristokrasi a, yo pral detwi je l.... " Lide a te rapòte nan guillemets sa a te twouve nan a (1) tab dis kòmandman yo douzmil (2) (3) kòd Hammurabi nan kòd Justinien (4) 2. nan mitan laj (•)• • Se yon DESANTRALIZE SISTÈM politik ki tou founi ESTABILITE sosyal (ou èstrikti sosyal). Se poutèt sa, • pafwa refere li kòm yon sistèm politik ak sosyal.(a) Europe(b) Japon• Samurai = warrior Kòd de Bushido = yon ve de fidélité (samurai yon se fidélité pou yon daimyo) kòd de Bushido souvan konpare ak kòd médiéval Ewopeyen an knights yo de décembre (les gide konpòtman nan klas warrior la).• Konnen politik ak sosyal èstrikti de feodal Japon: (anperè > Shogun > Daimyo > Samurai > peyizan yo ak Artisans > Marchands)• A shogunate Ieyasu ki te kreye yon gouvènman FEODAL nan Japon, • te founi ESTABILITE sosyal• JAPON IZOLE Ieyasu shoguns• géographique blanch souvan kondwi pou ranfòse tradisyonèl kilti• Japonè blanch te fini lè Commodore Matthew Perry te fòse Japon pou komès ak bò solèy kouche.• Shoguns Ieyasu te pran kontwòl Japon nan tonb.Ieyasu = non fanmi an ki te dirije Japon de 1603-1868shogun = lidè militè yo Japon an — travay sa a li te genyen rasyal (li te resevwa)• Shogunate manda li a an relasyon a gouvènman Japonè a pandan époque a l' li te soumèt devan Ieyasu shoguns.• A shogunate Ieyasu te kreye yon gouvènman FEODAL nan Japon. • Se yon sistèm nan ki peyi te chanje pou sèvis militè ak fidélité.• • Kapab dekri tankou yon DESANTRALIZE SISTÈM politik ki tou founi ESTABILITE sosyal (ou èstrikti sosyal). Se poutèt sa, • pafwa refere li kòm yon tou de yon sistèm politik ak yon sistèm sosyal.• Ekzamen Regents Global an souvan compares • Japonè (Ieyasu) pou Médiéval • Ewopeyen. Nan tou de Japon ak nan Ewòp la, romains ak wa yo pou yo fèb pou anpeche eta oubyen sispann diskisyon entèn. • Te founi yon fason pou chèf pou kenbe lwa ak lòd PLIS SOU MWAYEN ANS (400-1400) Tou introUN) Mwayenaj yo se peryòd de tan nan Ewòp apwè disparisyon anpi women an ak devan renesans a. B) • 1) sistèm politik de Mwayenaj nan ki wa tout Europe te bay peyi ale nobles an retou pou fidélité yo ak sèvis militè. 2) nobles ki te resevwa peyi a nan men wa a te gen pou sèvi kòm knights (ekip Warriors la moute sou chwal) nan batay ak lè sa nesesè. Knights te gen pou swiv décembre (yon kòd de kondwit sa a fidélité Et courage). 3) • te konsidere kòm yon sistèm politik décentralisée paske wa te kite anpil nan yo te gen pouvwa nobles, ki chak kontwole zòn lokal yo. 4) nan sistèm feodal, peyi li te genyen sou baz rich ak pouvwa. Moun ak lòt peyi te konsidere kòm va pi rich ak pisan. 5) • a èstabilite sosyal, lòd ak estrikti pou Mwayenaj yo. C) manorialism 1) pandan Mwayenaj, pifò moun tap viv sou manors (zòn ki rete nan peyi ki pou yon noble).