2) Each manor had homes, farmland,

2) Each manor had homes, farmland, artisans, water, and serfs (peasants that could not leave the land and who performed farm labor for the noble).

3) Since each manor was mostly self-­sufficient (provided for its own needs), trade decreased during the Middle Ages.

D) Religion
During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church (especially the Pope) was very wealthy and influential in Western Europe.

II. CRUSADES!!!!! (1100-­1300)
A) The Crusades were the religious wars of the Middle Ages in which Christians from Europe fought to regain control of the Holy Land from Muslims. The Holy Land is a sacred area of the Middle East that includes the city of Jerusalem.

B) Why did European Christians participate in the Crusades?
- They believed they would be forgiven for their sins if they fought for God.
- They believed the Holy Land should not be controlled by Muslims.
- Many poor Europeans wanted to escape from feudalism.

C) Effects / results of the Crusades: Important!!!!
- After years of fighting, trade between Europe and the Middle East increased (Italian cities such as Venice gained control over much of this trade since they had a central location in the Mediterranean Sea).

- Europeans learned about the many achievements that Muslims had made during their Golden Age (i.e.-­achievements in math, science, medicine, philosophy and art)

- Feudalism in Europe began to decline as many nobles and knights had been killed and many serfs left manors.

III. BLACK DEATH!!!!!!
A) The Black Death refers to the major disease (called bubonic plague) that killed 25 million people in Europe (almost 1/3 of the population) during the late Middle Ages.

B) The disease started in East Asia (Mongolia) and spread to Europe over trade routes such as the Silk Road. The interaction of different groups of people helped spread the disease.

C) Major effects (results) of the Black Death: Important!!!!
- Decreased population: from 85 million to 60 million.
- Feudalism continued to decline as serfs fled from manors for better opportunities.
1. In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
(1) lower living standards for industrial workers
(2) decreased economic rivalry between kings
(3) increased political power for the clergy (4) development of towns and cities

2. During the Middle Ages, Europeans did not eat potatoes or corn because these vegetables
(1) were forbidden by the Catholic Church for religious reasons
(2) had not yet been introduced to Europe from the New World
(3) were believed to be poisonous (4)were too expensive to import from China

3. “All things were under its domain...its power was such that no one could hope to escape its scrutiny.”

Which European institution during the Middle Ages is best described by this statement?
(1) the Guild (2) Knighthood (3) the Church (4) the nation-state

4. The Middle Ages in Western Europe was characterized by
1. the manor system and the importance of land ownership
2. absolute monarchies and strong central governments
3. decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
4. extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East

5. Feudal societies are generally characterized by
(1) an emphasis on social order (2) a representative government
(3) many economic opportunities (4) the protection of political rights

6. In Europe, a long-term effect of the Crusades was
(1) the strengthening of the feudal system
(2) the adoption of Islamic religious practices
(3) an increased demand for goods from the East (4) increased European isolation

7. The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
(1) human scientific achievements (2) religious themes
(3) materialism (4) classic Greek and Roman subjects

8. The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages in Europe can best be described as a church that
1. favored separation from secular governments
2. avoided involvement in social and educational matters
3. was a strong force that divided many people
4. was a stabilizing influence during a period of weak central governments

9. What were two indirect results of the Crusades?
1. trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was strengthened
2. trade and commerce declined and the feudal system was strengthened
3. trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was weakened
4. trade and commerce declined and the feudal system was weakened

10. In Europe during the Middle Ages, the force that provided unification and stability was the
(1) central government in Rome (2) military alliance between France and Germany
(3) federation of the craft guilds (4) Roman Catholic Church

11. Feudalism in Western Europe was similar to feudalism in Japan in that
1. power was based on class relationships 2. equality among the social classes
3. direct democracy 4. monotheism

12. Which is a characteristic of a feudal society?
(1) rapid social change (2) high literacy rate
(3) industrial-based economy (4) rigid class structure

13. In Europe, the Crusades resulted in
1. greater isolation of the region from the world
2. an increased demand for goods from the Middle East and Asia
3. the adoption of Islam as the official religion of many European nations
4. the strengthening of the feudal system

14. One important effect of the Crusades on Western Europe was that they
1. led to a decline in the importance of the church in Western Europe
2. furthered cultural diffusion throughout Western Europe
3. introduced the Industrial Revolution to Western Europe
4. ended the western European quest for an overseas empire

15. The Crusades have been called “history’s most successful failures.” Which statement best explains this expression?
(1) The Crusades did not achieve their original goals, but they brought about many desirable changes in Europe.
(2) Although the Crusaders captured the Holy Land, they were unable to bring about democratic reforms.
(3) The Crusades helped bring about the fall of the Roman Empire
(4) The Crusaders prevented the Turks from capturing Constantinople for many centuries

16. One major result of the Crusades was the
1. permanent occupation of the Holy Land by the Europeans
2. long-term decrease in European trade
3. conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
4. spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe

17. Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
(1) free market (2) socialism (3) manorialism (4) command

18. The growth of feudalism in Europe during the Middle Ages was primarily caused by the
(1) rivalry between the colonial empires (2) suppression of internationalism
(3) decline of the Roman Catholic Church (4)collapse of a strong central government

19. In European feudal society, an individual’s social status was generally determined by (1) birth (2) education and training (3) individual abilities (4) marriage

20. Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
1. Europeans maintained a lasting control over much of the Middle East
2. Islamic influence dominated Europe
3. Europeans developed tolerance of Non-Christian religions
4. trade between Europe and the Middle East was expanded

21. The terms Bushido, samurai, and daimyo are most closely associated with which group in Japanese history?
(1) emperors (2) warriors (3) peasants (4) merchants

22. A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades (1096–1291) was to
(1) establish Christianity in western Europe
(2) capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers (3) unite warring Arab peoples
(4) strengthen English dominance in the Arab world

23. Both European medieval knights and Japanese samurai warriors pledged oaths of
(1) loyalty to their military leader (2) devotion to their nation-state
(3) service to their church (4) allegiance to their families

24. The feudal systems in both medieval Europe and early Japan were characterized by (1) a decentralized political system (2) religious diversity
(3) an increased emphasis on education (4) the development of a wealthy middle class

25. Feudalism influenced Europe and Japan by
(1) providing social stability (2) fostering the growth of religion
(3) eliminating warfare (4) encouraging formal education

26. The geographic isolation of a society most often leads to the
(1) development of trade (2) strengthening of traditional culture
(3) promotion of cultural diffusion (4) growth of international alliances

27. One way in which the code of chivalry in Europe and the code of Bushido in Japan were similar is that both codes were intended to
(1) help the ruler control his people (2) guide the behavior of a warrior class
(3) benefit all the social classes (4) support revolutionary ideas 1

29. Which statement about government during the Tokugawa period in Japan is most accurate?
(1) The power of the emperor was absolute and supreme.
(2) The real power was held by foreign countries.
(3) Actual power was held by the shogun.
(4) Political power was in the hands of the merchant class.

32. Which situation best illustrates the concept of isolationism?
(1) The Spanish government required that gold found in its colonies be brought directly to Spain.
(2) Japan closed its ports to trade with other nations.
(3) France, Germany, Belgium, and Great Britain negotiated to divide various areas of Africa into colonies.
(4) The British ruled much of India through the control of local rulers.

Résultats (Créole haïtien) 1:

2) gwan chak te gen kay, Des, artisans, dlo, ak serfs (peyizan yo ki pa ta kite peyi a e ki jwe fèm travay pou noble a). 3) depi gwan chak pou te autonomes (bay pou pwòp bezwen), komès diminye pandan Mwayenaj yo. D) relijyonPandan Mwayenaj, legliz Katolik Romen an (espesyalman pap la) li te genyen trè rich ak moun nan peyi rejyon lwès Ewòp. II. CROISADES LAPRÈS (1100 - 1300) UN) Croisades yo te gen lagè relijye de Mwayenaj ki kretyen sòti de Ewop se pou repwann kontwòl nan peyi Bondye a de Mizilman. Peyi Bondye a se yon zòn sakre nan Mwayen Oryan ki gen ladann vil moun lavil Jerizalèm. B) Poukisa n' kretyen Ewopeyen an patisipe nan Croisades yo? -Yo te kwè yo ta va pardonner pou tout peche yo si yo te batay pou Bondye. -Yo te kwè ke peyi Bondye a ta dwe kontwole nan Mizilman. -Anpil pòv Ewopeyen yo te vle chape tèt ou anba •. C) effets / résultats de Croisades: enpòtan laprès-Apre ans de lutte, Commerce ant an Ewòp ak mitan lès ogmante (Italyen vil yo tankou Venice pran kontwòl sou anpil nan komès sa a depi ke yo te gen yon sant kote nan lanmè Mediterane an). -Ewopeyen te apwann sou anpil réalisations Mizilman te fè pandan yo laj Golden (c'est-à-dire-réalisations nan matematik, syans, medikaman, Filozofi ak atis) -• An Ewòp te kòmanse deperi tou sa anpil nobles ak knights yo te fin tiye li anpil serfs te kite manors. MALAD. NWA TOUYE LAPRÈS UN) a touye Black se pi gwo lafyèb la (rele apès bibonik) ki te tiye 25 milyon moun nan Ewòp (pwèske 1/3 de lane) pandan byen ta Mwayenaj. B) maladi a te kòmanse an Azi de lès (Mongoli) Et se sou wout komès yo tankou wout swa la an Ewòp la. Entèraksyon de diferan gwoup moun ki te ede se move maladi. C) majò efè (rezilta) nwa mouri: enpòtan laprès-Diminye lane: de 85 milyon dola pou 60 milyon dola. -• Te kontinye refuser kòm serfs te vole kite de manors pou pi bon opòtinite. 1. an Ewòp pandan Mwayenaj yo, nan komès ak komès yo ogmante sa a nan(1) plus normes vivan pou travayè endistryèl yo (2) a ekonomik rivalite ant wa (3) augmenté pouvwa politik pou le developman klèje (4) de ak vil 2. pandan Mwayenaj, Ewopeyen te fè pa manje ponmdetè ou mayi paske sa yo legim(1) te interdit pa legliz Katolik pou rezon relijye (2) te pa encore te a an Ewòp de New mond lan (3) ont te kwè ki te gen pwazon (4) ont twò chè pou yo te enpòte de Lachin 3. "tout bagay te anba domèn li... pouvwa li te yon lòt sa a, pa gen moun te kapab espere pou te chape UN li."Ki enstitisyon Ewopeyen an pandan Mwayenaj yo te meyè ke deklarasyon sa a?(1) a Fait Guild (2) (3) a legliz (4) a nasyon separe 4. Mwayenaj an Ewòp peyi rejyon lwès te karakterize pa1. la sistèm gwan Et sou enpòtans peyi an komen 2. absoli Monaki ak fòs gouvènman santral 3. a l' sou relijyon nan lavi chak jou 4. sou komès ak asie Et Mwayen Oryan5. feodal sosyete sont jeneralman karakterize pa(1) yon pwogram pou lòd sosyal (2) yon gouvènman repwezantatif (3) anpil opòtinite ekonomik (4) pwoteksyon dwa politik yo 6. nan Ewòp, yon tan ki long effet de Croisades t(1) a renforcement de la sistèm feodal (2) a adopsyon de pwatik relijye Islamik (3) yon demand anpil pou tou de bò solèy leve, (4) augmenté Ewopeyen blanch 7. la atizay, mizik, ak Filozofi peryòd médiéval la an Ewòp jeneralman traité ak(1) thèmes (2) relijye moun réalisations syantifik (3) matérialisme (4) klasik moun lòt nasyon ak sitwayen women sujets 8. legliz Katolik Romen pandan Mwayenaj an Ewòp kapab meyè être te dekri tankou yon legliz ki1. an separasyon de gouvènman relijye yo 2. éviter enplike nan zafè sosyal ak edikasyon 3. li te genyen yon gwo lame ki te divize anpil moun 4. li te genyen yon enfliyans stabilisation pandan yon peryòd de feblès gouvènman santral 9. Poukisa ou te de rezilta endirèk Croisades yo?1. komès ak komès plis moun pou sistèm feodal la te redwi 2. komès ak komès te refize Et feodal sistèm lan te redwi 3. komès ak komès une Et feodal sistèm lan te emèfle 4. komès ak komès te refize Et feodal sistèm lan te emèfle 10. an Ewòp pandan Mwayenaj yo, fòs la te founi inifikasyon ak estabilite t' a(1) gouvènman santral nan Rome (2) militè alyans ant frans, e an Almay (3) federasyon de plaisance aux (4) legliz Katolik Romèn legliz la 11. • an Ewòp peyi rejyon lwès te menm jan a • nan Japon nan sa1. pouvwa te baze sou relasyon klas 2. egalite nan mitan klas sosyal 3. dirèk demokrasi a 4. Monoteyis 12. sa se yon karakteristik de yon sosyete feodal?(1) pousantaj l' (2) gwo chanjman sosyal rapid (3) èstrikti rèd nan klas endistriyèl baze nan ekonomi (4) 13. an Ewòp, les Croisades a nan1. une blanch rejyon an nan mond lan 2. yon ogmante demand pou piye Mwayen Oryan an ak moun Lazi 3. la adopsyon afiche pwisans Islam kòm ofisyèl jan de anpil nasyon Ewopeyen 4. la renforcement de la sistèm feodal 14. yon enpòtan efè Croisades yo sou peyi rejyon lwès Ewòp te genyen sa yo1. a yon bès nan enpòtans legliz ki nan peyi rejyon lwès Ewòp 2. favorisé piblikasyon kiltirèl atravè peyi rejyon lwès Ewòp 3. a revolisyon Industriels la an Ewòp oksidantal 4. est demand Ewopeyen rejyon Lwès lan pou yon lòt bò dlo anpi 15. les Croisades yo te rele "ki gen plis siksè défaillances istwa a." Deklarasyon ki pi bon eksplike espresyon sa a?(1) Croisades yo te acheve objektif orijinal yo, men, yo te pote sou anpil souhaitable chanjman an Ewòp. (2) atravè Crusaders yo te kaptire peyi Bondye a, yo pa t ' kapab fè sa rive la refòm demokratik. (3) Croisades l' a fè sa rive tonbe anpi women an (4) Crusaders yo a Turks de capture Constantinople pou anpil Des 16. yon gwo rezilta Croisades yo te genyen an1. pèmanan okipasyon kwen peyi Bondye a pa Ewopeyen 2. yon tan ki long vini pi piti nan Komès Ewopeyen 3. konvèsyon Mizilman pi fò pou Krisyanis 4. gaye nan mitan lès kilti ak teknoloji an Ewòp 17. sistèm ekonomik ki egziste e ki kontinye nan Ewòp pandan byen bonè Mwayenaj?(1) gratis pou mache sosyalis (2) (3) manorialism (4) kòmand 18. la croissance de • an Ewòp pandan Mwayenaj premyèman te koze pa la(1) rivalite ant kolonyal empires (2) e internationalism (3) bès legliz Katolik Romèn ki (4) réduire de yon fòs gouvènman santral 19. nan Ewopeyen feodal sosyete sosyal estati yon moun te konn fè lide mariaj (1) fèt edikasyon (2) Et antrènman abilte (3) Endividyèl (4) 20. deklarasyon ki pi bon dekri rezilta Croisades yo?1. Ewopeyen toujou kenbe yon dirab kontwòl sou anpil nan Mwayen Oryan 2. enfliyans Islamik domine Europe 3. Ewopeyen devlope tolerans de Non-ki sèvi ak remèd relijyon 4. komès ant an Ewòp ak Mwayen Oryan te elaji 21. tèm yo Bushido, samurai Et daimyo sont ki pi kole ak asosye avèk gwoup ki nan istwa Japonè? (1) romains (2) ekip Warriors la (3) peyizan yo (4) marchands22. yon gwo objectif de legliz Christian la pandan les Croisades (1096-1291) se te pou(1) etabli Krisyanis nan rejyon lwès Ewòp (2) kaptire w la pou peyi a nan men chèf Islamik (3) s' gèrye peuples Arab (4) bay/pran fòs Anglè dominasyon nan mond Arab lan 23. tou de knights médiéval Ewopeyen an ak Japonè samurai ekip Warriors la ki se fè sèman de(1) fidélité pou yo lidè militè (2) devouman pou nasyon separe yo (3) sèvis fidèlite (4) legliz yo pou yo separe bay chak fanmi pa yo pou yo 24. feodal sistèm nan tou de, médiéval an Ewòp ak Japon byen bonè te karakterize pa (1) yon sistèm politik décentralisée divèsite (2) relijye (3) yon pwogram edikasyon (4) pou ogmante devlopman yon klas rich nan mitan 25. • te enfliyanse tèren an Ewòp ak Japon pa(1) ofri estabilite sosyal (2) promouvoir la croissance de relijyon (3) éliminer gè (4) ankouraje fòmèl edikasyon 26. a géographique blanch de yon sosyete ki pi souvan ki kondwi a la (1) devlopman de (2) komès renforcement de tradisyonèl kilti (3) pwomosyon de croissance kiltirèl piblikasyon (4) de alyans entènasyonal 27. yon sèl chemen nan kòd de 31 an Ewòp ak kòd de Bushido nan Japon te gen menm jan an se sa les codes te fèt pou pou (1) èd ki gen pouvwa, ki kontwole l' moun (2) gid konpòtman yon klas warrior(3) benefis sosyal tout klas (4) sipò Revolisyonè ide 129. ki deklarasyon ki ta mande gouvènman an pandan peryòd Ieyasu nan Japon li ki pi egzat? (1) a pouvwa de anperè a te absoli Et sipwèm. (2) a vrè pouvwa te kenbe pa peyi etranje yo.(3) réel pouvwa te kenbe pa shogun a.(4) pouvwa politik ki te nan men machann klas la. 32. pi bon sitiyasyon ki montre ke Izolatè? (1) gouvènman Panyòl an mande ke an lò te jwenn nan koloni li pote li dirèkteman Espay lan. (2) Japon fèmen tout pò ak kòmès nan ak lòt nasyon yo. (3) Lafwans, Almay, Bèljik, ak Grann Bretay negosye pou divize plizyè zòn Afrik nan koloni. (4) ke se Bwitich ki a anpil nan peyi Zend nan kontwòl chèf lokal.