1. Introduction- NATIONALISM  is a feeling of pride in and devotion to traduction - 1. Introduction- NATIONALISM  is a feeling of pride in and devotion to Créole haïtien comment dire

1. Introduction- NATIONALISM is a

1. Introduction
- NATIONALISM
is a feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country. It is a feeling that develops among people who may share a common language, history, set of traditions, or goal. Nationalism also causes people to join together to choose their own form of government, without outside I nterference.

- INDEPENDENCE, SOVEREIGNTY, AUTONOMY, SELF-RULE,
SELF-DETERMINATION,
The Global Regents Exam often uses the terms INDEPENDENCE, SOVEREIGNTY, AUTONOMY, SELF-DETERMINATION, and SELF- RULE. All of these terms refer to the right of the people of a certain nation to decide how they want to be governed without outside interference from any other country. When the term SELF- DETERMINATION is used, it is almost always used in the context of WOODROW WILSON’S 14 POINTS that provided the foundation for the PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE held at conclusion of World War I.

- Throughout history, nationalism has lead to the creation of new nations. NATIONALISM leads to new NATIONS. At times, nationalism has unified groups of people of similar heritage together. The UNIFICATION OF GERMANY and the UNIFICATION OF ITALY are perfect examples—small kingdoms containing people of similar heritage were united together to make large countries.

- Other times, nationalism has torn empires apart.
The BREAKUP OF THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE and the BREAKUP OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE are two such examples. In each case, people of various heritages lived within the same empire. Tension between the various groups of people resulted in conflicts that eventually divided these large empires into several smaller countries.

2. The Latin American Independence Movements
SIMÓN BOLÍVAR, JOSÉ DE SAN MARTIN, and TOUSSAINT
L’OUVERTURE are best known as leaders of nationalist movements in
Latin America. They might also be referred to as leaders of Latin
American independence or liberation movements.

The Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and the American Revolution
were major influences on 19th-century uprisings in Latin America.
This idea has been expressed in different ways on the Global Regents
Exam. For example:
A study of the revolutions in Latin America in the 19th century would
show that events in North America and Europe influenced Latin
Americans.
Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas spread from Europe and the United
States to South America.

The Global Regents Exam may feature maps comparing South America
before and after the independence movements. The maps will illustrate
the fact that many South American countries gained independence
between 1790 and 1828.

3. Unification of Germany and Italy
OTTO VON BISMARCK (Germany), GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI (Italy), CAMILLO CAVOUR (Italy) AND GIUSSEPE MAZZINI (Italy) were leaders of nationalist movements. They helped unify their nations. The Global Regents Exam is likely to compare these men to leaders of other nationalist movements

Bismarck used war as a way of unifying the German people. This method
of achieving German unification through way of war is referred to as Bismarck!s policy of “BLOOD AND IRON.”

One reason Italy and Germany were not major colonial powers in the 16th
and 17th centuries was that they lacked political unity. Italy and Germany were not united until the second half of the 19th century (Italy in 1861; Germany in 1871).

The Global Regents Exam may compare the unification of Germany in the 19th century to the years following the Meiji Restoration in Japan because both nations experienced an increase in military production and strengthened military forces.

4. India – Gandhi
• Mohandas Gandhi was the leader of the Indian independence movement that opposed British rule of India.

• Gandhi pioneered the concept of satyagraha (soul force)—resistance to tyranny through mass CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE (PASSIVE RESISTANCE), firmly founded upon the Hindu principle of AHIMSA (NON-VIOLENCE).

• Gandhi credited Thoreau's famous essay "Civil Disobedience" as a key influence on his life.

•Gandhi famously led the “HOMESPUN” MOVEMENT, an effort that


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1. yon ti rale-NASYONALISM Se poutèt yon sa fierté nan Et dévouement yonn nan peyi a. Se poutèt yon an, sa se nan mitan moun ki ka pataje yon lang, istwa, ansanm de traditions, ou objectif. Nasyonalism tou lakòz moun yo pou yo mete ansanm ansanm pou chwazi pwòp fòmilè gouvènman, pa deyò mwen nterference.-ENDEPANDANS, SOUVERÈNTE LACHIN, OTONOMI, LWA, L', Ekzamen Regents Global an yo souvan itilize tèm ENDEPANDANS, SOUVERÈNTE, OTONOMI, l' ak pwòp san - RÈGLE. Tout moun sa yo tèm refere pou dwa moun nan yon nasyon pou deside ki jan yo vle pou gouvènen peyi san entèferans en soti nan tout lòt peyi. Lè manda a, PWÒP DETÈMINASYON ki itilize li ki souvan itilize nan yon kontèks WOODROW WILSON 14 PWEN ki te founi fondasyon an pou KONFERANS viv ak kè POZE nan Pari lan ki te fèt nan konklizyon de gè mondyal. -Tout istwa, nasyonalism gen plon pou kreyasyon an nouvo nasyon. NASYONALISM ap kondwi pou lòt NASYON yo. Bat, nasyonalism te unifiée gwoup moun ki te rete menm jan an mete tèt yo ansanm. INIFIKASYON ALMAY Et INIFIKASYON ITALI sont egzanp bon nèt — ti peyi ki gen moun ki te rete menm jan an te mete tèt ansanm ansanm pou fè gwo peyi yo.-Lòt fwa, nasyonalism te par empires apa. Konpayi TELEFÒN peyi a OSTRALYEN ANPI an ak konpayi TELEFÒN peyi a OTTOMAN ANPI an te gen de egzanp konsa. Nan chak ka, moun lavil plizyè divès pòsyon tè te viv nan menm anpi an. Tansyon ant plizyè gwoup yo de moun a nan konfli ki divize evantyèlman empires laj sa yo nan plizyè peyi plus. 2. les Mouvements endepandans nan Amerik Latin nanSIMÓN BOLÍVAR, JOSÉ DE SAN MARTIN, Et TOUSEN Louvèti meyè enkoni ke lidè mouvman nasyonalis yo nan Amerik Latin nan. Yo te ka te ka di nan kòm lidè yo de Latin Ameriken endepandans ou Liberasyon mouvements.The Lumières, revolisyon Fwansè an ak revolisyon amerikèn lan se te pi gwo yo ki sou ont 19 syèk lan nan Amerik Latin nan. Lide sa a te ekspwime divès jan sou a Regents Global Konkou. Pa egzanp:Etid A de tours nan Amerik Latin nan nan syèk 19 la ta montre ke evènman yo nan Amerik di Nò ak nan Ewòp la te enfliyanse tèren Latin Ameriken yo.Enlightenment Et Revolisyonè lide se de an Ewòp ak nan a Etazini te gen pou Amerik di sid la.Global Egzamen Regents the pou prezante "performance" cartes comparaison Amerik di sid la devan Et après les mouvements endepandans. Les cartes Sera ilistre a fait sa anpil peyi Amerik di sid yo te pwan endepandans ant 1790 ak 1828. 3. inifikasyon Almay, ItaliOTTO VON BISMARCK (Almay), GARIBALDI GIUSEPPE (Itali), CAVOUR CAMILLO (Itali) ET GIUSSEPE MAZZINI (Itali) ont lidè mouvman nasyonalis yo. Yo te ede fè youn lòt nasyon yo. Ekzamen Regents Global an te gen anpil chans pou konpare lidè yo de mouvements nasyonalis lòt moun sa yo Bismarck te itilize nan lagè kòm yon mwayen de inifye ak Almay pèp la. Metòd sa a de ede inifikasyon Almay à façon de gè te endike ke Bismarck! politik s "san n' a fèt an fè.One raison Itali Et Almay yo pa t ' gwo peyi kolonyal nan 16th la Et Des 17th te genyen pas inite politik yo. Itali ak Almay te pa mete tèt ansanm jis nan dezyèm mwatye nan syèk 19 la (Itali nan 1861, Almay nan 1871).The, Global ekzamen Regents ka konpare inifikasyon Almay nan syèk la 19 lanne swiv restorasyon Meiji nan Japon, paske tou de nasyon expérimentés yon ogmantasyon nan pwodiksyon militè ak redwi fòs militè yo.4. Zend-Gandhi• Mohandas Gandhi te lidè mouvman endepandans Endyen an ki te opoze jerans Britanik lan de peyi Zend genyen.• Gandhi pionnier ke satyagraha (âme fòs) — rezistans pou tyrannie nan mas SIVIL DEZOBEYISANS (PASSIF REZISTANS), bien te fonde sou pwensip Hindu AHIMSA (NON-VYOLANS).• Gandhi au essai célèbre Thoreau an "Dezobeyisans sivil" kòm yon kle enfliyans sou lavi l. •Gandhi famously te dirije MOUVMAN "HOMESPUN", yon efò ki
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1. Entwodiksyon
- nasyonalis
se yon santiman nan fyète nan ak devosyon nan peyi yon sèl la. Li se yon santi ki devlope nan mitan moun ki ka pataje yon lang komen, istwa, mete nan tradisyon, oswa objektif. Nasyonalis tou ki lakòz moun yo mete tèt yo ansanm yo chwazi fòm pwòp yo nan gouvènman an, san yo pa deyò mwen nterference. - INDEPENDENCE, souverènte, otonomi, oto-règ, otodetèminasyon, Egzamen an Global Regents souvan sèvi ak tèm INDEPENDENCE la, souverènte, otonomi, oto -DETERMINATION, ak pwòp tèt ou- règ. Tout moun nan tèm sa yo, al gade nan dwa pou moun yo nan yon nasyon sèten dwe deside kijan yo vle dwe gouvène san entèferans deyò nan nenpòt lòt peyi. Lè yo itilize detèminasyon an tèm pwòp tèt ou-, li se prèske toujou itilize nan yon kontèks la nan 14 pwen WOODROW WILSON'S ki bay fondasyon pou konferans la kè poze PARIS ki te fèt nan konklizyon nan Dezyèm Gè I. - Toupatou nan listwa, nasyonalis te mennen nan kreyasyon an nouvo nasyon. Nasyonalis mennen nan nouvo nasyon. Nan fwa, nasyonalis te inifye gwoup moun nan eritaj ki sanble yo ansanm. Inifikasyon an nan Almay ak inifikasyon Itali a yo se pafè egzanp-ti peyi ki gen moun ki gen eritaj menm jan yo te ini ansanm fè peyi gwo. - Lòt fwa, nasyonalis te chire anpi apa. separasyon an nan Ostralyen anpi a ak separasyon an nan Otoman an EMPIRE yo se de egzanp sa yo. Nan chak ka, moun ki nan divès kalite eritaj viv nan anpi an menm. Tansyon ant gwoup yo divès kalite moun nan pèp a nan konfli ki evantyèlman divize sa yo gwo anpi nan plizyè peyi ki pi piti. 2. Mouvman yo nan Amerik Latin Endepandans SIMÓN BOLIVAR, JOSE DE SAN MARTIN, ak TOUSSAINT L'OUVERTURE yo pi byen konnen kòm lidè nan mouvman nasyonalis nan Amerik Latin nan. Yo ta ka tou gen pou refere yo kòm lidè yo nan Latin endepandans oswa liberasyon mouvman Ameriken. The Syèk Limyè, Revolisyon an franse, ak Revolisyon Ameriken an te pi gwo enfliyans sou boulvès 19yèm syèk nan Amerik Latin nan. te lide sa a eksprime nan diferan fason sou Global Regents Egzamen an . Pou egzanp: A etid nan revolisyon yo nan Amerik Latin nan nan 19yèm syèk la ta montre ke evènman nan Amerik di Nò ak Ewòp enfliyanse Latin Ameriken. Enlightenment ak lide revolisyonè gaye soti nan Ewòp ak Etazini Etazini an nan Amerik di Sid. The Global Egzamen Regents ka prezante kat konpare Amerik di Sid anvan ak apre mouvman yo ki endepandans. Kat yo pral montre lefèt ke anpil peyi Sid Ameriken pran endepandans ant 1790 ak 1828. 3. Inifikasyon Almay ak Itali OTTO von Bismarck (Almay), Giuseppe Garibaldi (Itali), Camillo Cavour (Itali) ak GIUSSEPE mazeni (Itali) yo te lidè yo nan mouvman nasyonalis yo. Yo te ede inifye nasyon yo. Egzamen an Global Regents se chans yo konpare moun sa yo lidè yo nan lòt mouvman nasyonalis Bismarck itilize lagè kòm yon fason pou inifikasyon moun yo Alman yo. Metòd sa a se pou reyalize German inifikasyon nan fason nan lagè refere yo kòm politik Bismarck! a nan "san ak fè." One rezon Itali ak Almay yo pa t 'pi gwo pouvwa kolonyal nan 16th syèk yo ak 17th te yo ke yo te manke inite politik. Itali ak Almay yo pa t 'ini jouk dezyèm mwatye nan 19yèm syèk la (peyi Itali nan 1861; Almay nan 1871). Egzamen The Global Regents ka konpare inifikasyon an nan Almay nan 19yèm syèk la ak ane sa yo Restorasyon Meiji nan Japon paske tou de nasyon ki gen eksperyans yon ogmantasyon nan pwodiksyon militè epi ranfòse fòs militè. 4. Lend - Gandhi • Mohandas Gandhi te lidè nan mouvman an endepandans Endyen ki te opoze gouvènman Britanik nan peyi Zend. • Gandhi pionnier konsèp nan Satyagraha (fòs nanm) -resistance tirani nan mas dezobeyisans sivil (rezistans pasif), byen fèm fonde sou Endou la prensip nan ahimsa (non-vyolans). • Gandhi kredite pi popilè redaksyon "Sivil Dezobeyisans" Thoreau a kòm yon enfliyans kle sou lavi l '. • Gandhi famezman dirije "Natif natal" mouvman an, yon efò ki




















































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