31. “The rule of law is more powerf

31. “The rule of law is more powerful than the rule of the tyrant.” — Simón Bolívar “Whoever has the . . . supreme power . . . is bound to govern by established
standing laws.” — John Locke

What is the main idea expressed in these quotations?
a. Rulers should govern with unlimited power.
b. All governments must be democratic.
c. Rulers must be subject to the law.
d. Governments should be based on the laws of God.

32. “. . . Give Venezuela such an executive power in the person of a president chosen by the people or their representatives, and you will have taken a great step toward national happiness. No matter what citizen occupies this office, he will be aided by the Constitution, and therein being authorized to do good, he can do no harm, because his ministers will cooperate with him only insofar as he abides by the law. If he attempts to infringe upon the law, his own ministers will desert him, thereby isolating him from the Republic, and they will even bring charges against him in the Senate. The ministers, being responsible for any transgressions committed, will actually govern, since they must account for their actions. . . .” — Simón Bolívar, 1819

In this passage, which type of government is Simón Bolívar proposing for Venezuela?
a. theocracy b. monarchy c. democracy d. dictatorship

34. Between 1790 and 1828, which situation helped cause the change reflected on these maps of South America?
a. The Aztecs regained control of many areas of South America.
b. South American voters removed Spanish and Portuguese rulers from power.
c. Spain sent conquistadores to South America.
d. Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas spread from Europe and the South America.

35. “Americans today, and perhaps to a greater extent than ever before, who live within the Spanish system, occupy a position in society no better than that of serfs destined for labor, or at best they have no more status than that of mere consumers. . ”

This quotation, written in September 1815, represents the views of
a. Martin Luther b. Catherine the Great c. Simón Bolívar d. Adam Smith

36. One similarity in the actions of Simón Bolívar and Napoleon Bonaparte is that both leaders a. encouraged nationalism b. relied on diplomatic negotiations
c established a representative form of government d. rebelled against imperialism
39. “A group of planners makes all economic decisions. The group assigns natural, human, and capital resources to the production of those goods and services it wants. The group decides how to produce them and to whom to distribute them”

This description best applies to the
1. manorial economy of feudal Europe
2. mercantile economy of 18th century Europe
3. command economy of the Soviet Union
4. market economy of the United States

40. The term that best describes the position of Jews in Czarist Russia is
1. political elite 2. persecuted minority 3. landed gentry 4. military leaders

41. Stalin’s Five-Year Plans and his decision to form collectives are examples of
1. strategies to modernize the economy of the Soviet Union through forced communism
2. a more friendly foreign policy toward China
3. methods of dealing with the United States during the Cold War
4. programs to westernize, educate, and enlighten the population

42. A major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the
1. defeat of Germany in the Russian campaign
2. marriage of Czar Nicholas II to a German princess
3. existence of sharp economic differences between social classes
4. appeal of Marxism to the Russian nobility

43. Which is an accurate statement about the Soviet economy under the leadership of Joseph Stalin?
1. a large selection of consumer goods became available
2. the Soviet Union increased its industrial output by developing heavy industry
3. private farmers were encouraged to sell their surplus produce in an open market
4. the government reduced its role in planning industrial production

44. A major effect of Stalin’s policy of Collectivization on Soviet agriculture was
1. a widespread food shortage throughout the nation
2. an increase in the export of agricultural products
3. a surplus of agricultural goods
4. the immediate creation of many small private farms

45. Which situation resulted from the Russo-Japanese War of 1905?
1. Japan lost its status as a world power
2. the Japanese Emperor encouraged reforms in Russia
3. dissident groups challenged the power of the Russian Czar
4. Russia gained control of China and Japan

46. The Russian peasants supported the Bolsheviks in the 1917 Revolutions mainly because the Bolsheviks promised to
1. establish collective farms 2. maintain the agricultural price-support system
3. bring modern technology to Russian farms
4. redistribute the land owned by the nobility

47. Which statement best describes the political situation in the Soviet Union immediately after Lenin’s death in 1924?
1. the nation adopted a constitutional monarchy
2. Trotsky and his followers assumed full control of the Communist Party
3. popular elections were held to choose a new general secretary
4. a power struggle developed among Communist Party leaders

48. One action taken by both V.I. Lenin and Joseph Stalin was
1. attempting to bring democracy to Russia
2. jailing or murdering potential opponents
3. supporting the Russian Orthodox Church
4. providing economic aid to Japan after World War I and World War II

49. The 1917 victory of the communists in Russia was a contradiction of Marxist theory because Russia was
1. already ruled by a socialist government 2. involved in World War I
3. mainly an agricultural society 4. not considered to be a military power

50. Stalin’s leadership of the Soviet Union can best be characterized as a period of
1.democratic reform and nationalism 2. humanism and democracy
3. religious freedom and tolerance 4. censorship and terror

Résultats (Créole haïtien) 1:

31. "lalwa ou, pi gwo pase moun peyi a Tiran." — Simón Bolívar "moun ki a... pouvwa Sipwèm nan rekòt kafe/zaboka lié pou li gouvène pa te etablikanpe sou de pye lwa."— John LockeKi sa ki pi gwo lide a, te rapòte nan propositions sa yo? Aiyalam chèf ta dwe gouvène ak san fòs. b. tout gouvènman dwe demokratik. c chèf dwe ki sijè lalwa Moyiz la. . d gouvènman yo ta dwe baze sou mache dapre lòd Bondye. 32. “. . . Bay Venezyela konsa yon pouvwa ekzekitif nan tout moun ki gen yon prezidan ki te chwazi pou pèp la oswa reprezantan yo nan sa a, ou pral pran yon gwo pa nan direksyon nasyonal bonheur. Nenpòt ki sitwayen occupe biwo sa a, li pral par konstitisyon an, Et qui te otorize pou fè sa ki byen, li kapab fè mal pa, paske li minis yo ap met tèt ansanm avè l' sèlman yon tèl degre ke li se pa lalwa Moyiz la. Si li tente lespas sou lalwa Moyiz la, li pou kont li, ministè yo pral du l, isoler l' sòti de repiblik lan, Et yo ap vini ak akizasyon an kont li nan Sena a. Minis yo ki reskonsab tout transgressions ki te komèt, pou aktyèlman gouvène, depi yo dwe kont nan bank pou aksyon yo.... "— Simón Bolívar, 1819 Nan pasaj sa a, ki kalite gouvènman an Simón Bolívar pwopoze pou Venezyela? Aiyalam Teokrasi monarchie b c demokrasi. d diktati34. ant 1790 ak 1828, sitiyasyon sa a lakòz chanjman an ki te reflete sou cartes sa yo nan Amerik di sid la? Aiyalam Aztecs a kontwòl plizyè zòn nan Amerik di sid la. b Amerik di sid votè yo te retire nan panyòl Et Pòtigè chèf pouvwa a.c Espay te voye conquistadores pou Amerik di sid la.d. Lumières Et Revolisyonè lide se de an Ewòp ak Amerik di sid la. 35. "Ameriken yo jodi a, e petèt pou yon pi gwo mesure pase tout tan tout tan anvan, ki rete nan sistèm Espanyòl la, pran yon plas nan sosyete a pa gen pi bon pase sa de serfs à pou travay, ou nan meyè yo gen ankenn estati plis pase de consommateurs sèlman.."Prix sa a, li te ekri 1815 septanm, reprezante opinyon Aiyalam maten Lutè Kin nimewo b Catherine a gwo c d. Simón Bolívar Adam Smith 36. yon similitude nan aksyon yo de Simón Bolívar Et Napoleon Bonaparte se b nasyonalism ankouraje w Aiyalam lidè yo tou de s' sou negosyasyon diplomatik yoc te etabli yon fòm représentant de gouvènman d. Se kont l' 39. "yon gwoup de aux fè tout décisions ekonomik. Gwoup la affecte resous natirèl, moun ak kapital pou pwodiksyon sa machandiz ak sèvis li vle. Gwoup la deside kijan pou pwodwi leur Et ki pou distribye yo"Sa a dekri teren pi bon nan la pou la1. manorial ekonomi an Ewop feodal 2. piblikasyon ekonomi an Ewop de 18tyèm syèk 3. kòmandan ekonomi Inyon Sovyetik 4. mache ekonomi an nan Etazini 40. tèm moun sa meyè dekri pozisyon jwif nan Czarist Lawisi se1. politik elit 2. persécutés minorite 3. tonbe gentry 4. lidè militè yo41. Stalin a senk ane planifye ak desizyon l pou l fòm collectifs sont egzanp de1. stratégies pou modènize ekonomi an Inyon Sovyetik la nan sistèm kominis fòse 2. yon plis convivial politik zafè etranje vers Lachin 3. metòd pou negosye ak Etazini pandan lagè Fwad 4. pwogram pou westernize, edike, Et éclairer lane 42. te genyen yon nan pi gwo kòz revolisyon Lawisi an 1917 de la1. defèt de Almay nan kanpay Wis lan 2. marye avèk de kont Nicholas II respekte Alman 3. egzistans byen file ekonomik diferans ant klas sosyal 4. fè apèl de Marxism pou Larisi rich 43. sa se yon byen mezire deklarasyon ki ta mande Inyon Sovyetik ekonomi an sou direksyon a de Joseph Stalin?1. yon gwo chwazi pwodi est disponib 2. la Inyon Sovyetik une sortie endistriyèl li pou devlope yon gwo endistri 3. pwive agriculteurs a été ankouraje w pou vann sipli rekòt nan yon mache lib 4. la, gouvènman an te redwi wòl li nan plan pwodiksyon endistriyèl 44. te genyen yon gwo efè politik Stalin an ki Collectivization sou agrikilti Inyon Sovyetik1. manje largement manke atravè nasyon an 2. yon ogmantasyon nan ekspòtasyon pwodwi agrikòl 3. yon sipli de marchandises agrikòl 4. la immédiate kreyasyon anpil ti farms pwive 45. sitiyasyon sa a soti nan lagè Russo-Japonè a ki an 1905?1. Japon te pèdi li kòm yon pisans mondyal 2. la anperè Japonè ankouraje refòm nan peyi Lawisi 3. gwoup disidan yo te defye pouvwa de la wisi kont 4. Larisi pran kontwòl Lachin ak Japon 46. Fédération peyizan en Bolsheviks yo nan Tours 1917 l' principalement paske Bolsheviks yo te pwomèt pou li1. etabli farms kolektif 2. kenbe sistèm nan agrikilti prix-sipò 3. pote nouvo teknoloji pou Larisi farms 4. redistribuer peyi a ki pa rich 47. deklarasyon ki pi bon dekri politik sitiyasyon nan Inyon Sovyetik la imedyatman apwè lanmò Lenin a nan 1924?1. nasyon te adopte yon monarchie konstitisyonèl 2. Trotsky ak disip li te pwan kontwòl tout pati kòminis la 3. popilè eleksyon yo te fèt pou chwazi yon nouvo sekretè jeneral 4. yon lit pou pouvwa devlope nan mitan lidè pati kominis yo 48. te genyen yon aksyon V.I. Lenin Et Joseph Stalin1. chache pou pote demokrasi nan Lawisi 2. jailing ou akizasyon ke li tiye potansyèl opozan 3. en legliz Orthodox Larisi 4. bay èd ekonomik pou Japon apwè gè mondyal ak gè MONDYAL 49. an 1917 viktwa kominis yo nan Lawisi te yon kontradiksyon de teori rebèl Marxist paske mande èske Larisi te1. deja a pa yon gouvènman sosyalis 2. patisipe nan gè mondyal 3. principalement yon sosyete agrikòl 4. ki pa konsidere kòm pou yon pwisans militè 50. Stalin a lidè Inyon Sovyetik la kapab meyè être se tankou yon peryòd de1. refòm demokratik Et nasyonalism, 2. humanism ak demokrasi 3. relijye libète ak tolerans 4. censure Et laterè